[1]<\/a><\/sup>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sizlerle payla\u015fmak istiyoruz.<\/p>\nMill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Orta\u00f6\u011fretim Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Temmuz-2022 tarihinde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Almanya, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Avustralya, Azerbaycan, Fransa, G\u00fcney Kore, Hollanda, \u0130ngiltere, Japonya, Polonya e\u011fitim sistemleri ile T\u00fcrk e\u011fitim sistemi \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u015fl\u0131kla alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir;<\/p>\n
-Genel bilgiler,<\/p>\n
-E\u011fitim g\u00f6stergeleri,<\/p>\n
-\u00dclkenin e\u011fitim modeli,<\/p>\n
-E\u011fitim sisteminde ya\u015fanan reformlar, k\u0131r\u0131lmalar, gerek\u00e7eleri ve s\u00fcre\u00e7,<\/p>\n
-Okul sisteminin yap\u0131s\u0131, okul t\u00fcrleri, basamaklar\u0131 ve s\u00fcreleri,<\/p>\n
-Kademeleraras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f,<\/p>\n
-S\u0131n\u0131f ge\u00e7me, ders ge\u00e7me sistemi ve mezuniyet,<\/p>\n
-S\u0131n\u0131f tekrar\u0131,<\/p>\n
-Devam\/devams\u0131zl\u0131k,<\/p>\n
-Haftal\u0131k ders \u00e7izelgeleri (kademe ve okul t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re),<\/p>\n
-\u00d6nleme, m\u00fcdahale ve telafi programlar\u0131,<\/p>\n
-Belgelendirme,<\/p>\n
-Dijital platformlar ve kaynaklar,<\/p>\n
-Gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u00fclkede uygulanmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve planlanan \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda \u015fu sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/p>\n
Okul \u00d6ncesi E\u011fitim<\/strong><\/p>\nOkul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim genel olarak \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda zorunlu olmamakla birlikte yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130ncelenen 11 \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt tanesinde (Avustralya, Fransa, Hollanda ve Polonya) okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim zorunludur.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim Sisteminin Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\nE\u011fitim modelleri \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle beraber 12 y\u0131l \u00fczerinden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genellikle bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma 2 veya 3 kademe \u015feklinde planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kademeler temel e\u011fitim, alt orta\u00f6\u011fretim (veya ortaokul) ve \u00fcst orta\u00f6\u011fretim (veya lise) \u015feklinde olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Zorunlu E\u011fitim S\u00fcresi<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0130ncelenen \u00fclkelerin zorunlu e\u011fitim s\u00fcresi 8 ile 12 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00d6zellikle bu s\u00fcre, okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimin zorunlu olup olmamas\u0131 ve orta\u00f6\u011fretim kademesinin alt ve \u00fcst olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi gibi sebeplerle de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Temel E\u011fitimden Orta\u00f6\u011fretime Ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0130ncelenen \u00fclkelerin 11 \u00fclkenin alt\u0131s\u0131nda temel e\u011fitimden orta\u00f6\u011fretime ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde merkezi bir s\u0131nav bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Merkezi s\u0131nav bulunmayan \u00fclkelerde temel e\u011fitimden orta\u00f6\u011fretime ge\u00e7i\u015fte farkl\u0131 uygulamalar mevcuttur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda okul bazl\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen s\u0131navlar, adrese dayal\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmeler, temel e\u011fitim ba\u015far\u0131 puan\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretmen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri gibi uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orta\u00f6\u011fretimden Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime Ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0130ncelenen \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funda orta\u00f6\u011fretimden y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde merkezi s\u0131nav tercih edilmektedir. Bu s\u0131navlar \u00fclke baz\u0131nda olabildi\u011fi gibi b\u00f6lge veya eyalet baz\u0131nda da olabilmektedir. Ancak, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde uygulanan merkezi s\u0131nav sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ek olarak farkl\u0131 gerekliler de (Orta\u00f6\u011fretim ba\u015far\u0131 puan\u0131, sertifika, referans mektubu, vb.) istenmektedir.<\/p>\n
Okul G\u00fcn Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\nOkul g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 180 ile 220 g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Okul s\u00fcresindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar uygulanan d\u00f6nem say\u0131s\u0131 ve dini ve milli bayramlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 gibi sebeplerden kaynaklanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim Harcamalar\u0131na Ayr\u0131lan Pay <\/strong><\/p>\nE\u011fitim harcamalar\u0131na ayr\u0131lan pay Gayri Safi Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Has\u0131la\u2019n\u0131n %4\u2019\u00fc ile %7\u2019si aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de is bu pay %4,29\u2019dur.<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131f Tekrar\u0131 Uygulamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0130ncelenen \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funda s\u0131n\u0131f tekrar uygulamas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f tekrar\u0131 uygulamayan \u00fclkeler; Avustralya, \u0130ngiltere ve Japonya\u2019d\u0131r. \u00d6\u011frencilerin zaruri sebeplerden dolay\u0131 uzun bir s\u00fcre okula devam etmemesi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi gibi unsurlar s\u0131n\u0131f tekrar\u0131 sebeplerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131f Ge\u00e7mede \u00d6nleme, M\u00fcdahale Ve Telafi Program\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, incelenen \u00fclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilerin s\u0131n\u0131f tekrar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nleme, m\u00fcdahale ve telafi programlar\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu programlar \u00fclke baz\u0131nda olabildi\u011fi gibi, eyalet, \u015fehir veya okul baz\u0131nda olabilir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi incelenen \u00fclkelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcnde okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim zorunluyken, bizde okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim halen zorunlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim modelleri 12 y\u0131l \u00fczerinden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmakta ve bu s\u00fcrenin t\u00fcm\u00fc de zorunludur. Bu anlamda \u00fclkemiz e\u011fitim sisteminde de zorunlu e\u011fitimin 12 y\u0131l oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte ancak zorunlu e\u011fitimin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilin\u00e7li ve sistemli bir dezenformasyon yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ncelenen \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funda orta\u00f6\u011fretime ge\u00e7i\u015f sistemlerinde merkezi s\u0131nav bulunmamakta, \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re okul bazl\u0131 s\u0131navlar, \u00f6\u011fretmen de\u011ferlendirmeleri, adrese dayal\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmeler ve orta\u00f6\u011fretim ba\u015far\u0131 puan\u0131 gibi kriterler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenime ge\u00e7i\u015fte merkezi s\u0131navlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretime ayr\u0131lan i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 180 ile 220 g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. E\u011fitim harcamalar\u0131na ayr\u0131lan pay Gayri Safi Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Has\u0131la\u2019n\u0131n %4\u2019\u00fc ile %7\u2019si aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de is bu pay %4,29\u2019dur. \u00dclkelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u0131n\u0131f tekrar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r fakat \u00f6\u011frencilerin s\u0131n\u0131f tekrar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nleme, m\u00fcdahale ve telafi programlar\u0131 da uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
\n- MEB Orta\u00f6\u011fretim Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (2022).D\u00fcnyada Ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki E\u011fitim Sistemlerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye e\u011fitim sisteminin, baz\u0131 \u00fclke e\u011fitim sistemleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, e\u011fitim sisteminin gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":285490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[286],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-285488","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-yazarlar"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=285488"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":285491,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285488\/revisions\/285491"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/285490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=285488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=285488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=285488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}