E\u011fitim, kapitalist devletin en \u00f6nemli ideolojik ayg\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n
Althusser (2008) e\u011fitimin i\u015flevini tan\u0131mlarken iki noktaya dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Birincisi, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden \u00fcretimi; ikincisi ise kurulu d\u00fczenin kurallar\u0131na boyun e\u011fmenin yeniden \u00fcretimi. E\u011fitimin bu iki i\u015flevi, ba\u015fta okullar olmak \u00fczere e\u011fitim sistemindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
19.y\u00fczy\u0131lda fabrika sisteminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte, fabrika y\u00f6netiminde emir-komuta zinciri, seri \u00fcretim sistemi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fcretilen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde verimlili\u011fi artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemdeki e\u011fitimciler ise bu fabrika sistemine uygun okul sistemini geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm seri \u00fcretim hatlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi okul sistemi de farkl\u0131 a\u015famalardan olu\u015fur. \u00c7ocuklar ya\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131l\u0131r, ba\u015flar\u0131nda, fabrikalarda oldu\u011fu gibi ustaba\u015f\u0131lara benzer \u00f6\u011fretmenler vard\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar bir sonraki a\u015famaya ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in s\u0131navlardan ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
Fabrika sahipleri gibi e\u011fitim yetkilileri de standart bir program\u0131 uygulanmak \u00fczere okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlere dikte eder. \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin, okuldaki etkisi, ustaba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n fabrikadaki etkisinden daha azd\u0131r. Okullardaki kurul ve komisyonlar da g\u00f6stermelik olmaktan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7mez. Okullar bu misyonlar\u0131yla Alhusser\u2019in, e\u011fitimin iki i\u015flevini yerine getirmekten ba\u015fka bir i\u015fe yaramaz.<\/p>\n
Bu okul sistemi ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, zeki \u00e7ocuklar ve aptal \u00e7ocuklar olarak ikiye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fabrika sistemindeki \u00fcretim band\u0131na uyum sa\u011flayamayan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya performansa g\u00f6re \u00fccret verildi\u011fi gibi, okul sisteminde gerilerde kalan \u00f6\u011frenciler de \u00f6\u011frenme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7eken, yava\u015f \u00f6\u011frenen veya \u00f6\u011frenme \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenciler olarak yaftaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Okul sisteminde kural olarak son d\u00f6nemlere kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frencilerin ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenmeseler bile ayn\u0131 programa tabi tutularak \u00f6\u011frenmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretmen merkezli e\u011fitim; motivasyonu, disiplini, \u00f6l\u00e7me ve de\u011ferlendirmeyi \u00f6\u011fretmenin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f sistemi bug\u00fcne kadar gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu okul sisteminin yerine ge\u00e7ecek okul modeli hen\u00fcz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131saca sanayi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n miras\u0131 okul sistemiyle nereye kadar gidilece\u011fi sorusu b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u011fitim politikac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndemindedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc okul sistemi, istenen ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir avu\u00e7 \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 \u00f6\u011frencinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki milyonlar\u0131 \u00fcretim sisteminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na atmakta, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yok saymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sanayi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim sistemi, \u00fcretim bantlar\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131p, verimlili\u011fi ne kadar artt\u0131r\u0131yorsa; sanayi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n okul sistemi de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ders y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00f6\u011frenmesi gereken program\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131p, s\u0131nav sistemiyle onlar\u0131n verimlili\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n y\u00fckleri zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artmaktad\u0131r. Uzmanlar, stres ve korku anlar\u0131nda insan beyninin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6\u011frenmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011finin bilinemeyece\u011fini ifade etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Bu anlamda, sanayi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n okul sisteminin yerine daha demokratik, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen, onlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn kapasite ve yeteneklerinin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 ve tam \u00f6\u011frenmenin sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 bir alternatif okul modelinin zaman\u0131 geldi de ge\u00e7iyor bile\u2026<\/p>\n
*Althusser, L. (2008). \u0130deoloji. Devletin \u0130deolojik Ayg\u0131tlar\u0131. \u0130thaki Yay\u0131nevi. \u0130stanbul<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00d6\u011fretmen merkezli e\u011fitim; motivasyonu, disiplini, \u00f6l\u00e7me ve de\u011ferlendirmeyi \u00f6\u011fretmenin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f sistemi bug\u00fcne kadar gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":280250,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[286],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-280249","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-yazarlar"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=280249"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280251,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280249\/revisions\/280251"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/280250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=280249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=280249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}