{"id":286742,"date":"2026-06-17T14:31:44","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T14:31:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/?p=286742"},"modified":"2026-06-17T14:31:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T14:31:44","slug":"faktoren-die-das-recht-auf-bildung-in-der-turkei-beeintrachtigen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/faktoren-die-das-recht-auf-bildung-in-der-turkei-beeintrachtigen\/","title":{"rendered":"Faktoren, die das Recht auf Bildung in der T\u00fcrkei beeintr\u00e4chtigen"},"content":{"rendered":"

-E\u011fitimin temel i\u015flevleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E\u011fitim, insano\u011flunun birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana devam eden bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6n\u00fcyle e\u011fitim, insanda de\u011fi\u015fim, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, geli\u015fim ve yenile\u015fme sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, geli\u015fme ve yenile\u015fmeyi toplumda da tetikler. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nedenlerle e\u011fitimin, hem bireysel, hem de toplumsal i\u015flevleri vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E\u011fitimin bireysel ve toplumsal i\u015flevleri, onun temel bir hak olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlamda e\u011fitim temel bir insan hakk\u0131d\u0131r ve di\u011fer insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 anlam\u0131nda da vazge\u00e7ilmez bir \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-E\u011fitimin temel bir hak olarak kabul edilmesi nas\u0131l bir tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 izler?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E\u011fitimin bir hak olarak kabul edilmesi uzun bir tarihsel s\u00fcrece dayan\u0131r. 1789 Frans\u0131z \u0130nsan ve Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi\u2019nde dolayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir. Ancak e\u011fitimin temel bir hak olarak belgelendirilmesi 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Bu kapsamda Bitle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekonomik, Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Haklar Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin 1989 tarihinde \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin kabul\u00fc ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n di\u011fer haklar\u0131 yan\u0131nda e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 da tekrar g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f ve taraf \u00fclkeleri ba\u011flayan bir yap\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen Kad\u0131nlara Kar\u015f\u0131 Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ise i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ifadelerle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u011fitim haklar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015f, taraf devletlerde ve d\u00fcnyada fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler yan\u0131nda 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ilk siyasi kurulu\u015fu olarak kurulan Avrupa Konseyi de uluslararas\u0131 alanda e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n hukuki temellerinin at\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Avrupa Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (A\u0130HS) kabul edilmi\u015ftir. A\u0130HS\u2019nin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesinde bulunmayan bir denetim mekanizmas\u0131 getirerek kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri korumaya almas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u00fczenlemelere dayan\u0131larak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de anayasal ve yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131larak e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu d\u00fczenlemelere ra\u011fmen e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda \u00e7e\u015fitli engellerin oldu\u011funu ifade edilebilir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller nelerdir?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)Temel e\u011fitim hakk\u0131;<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-\u00d6\u011frenci devams\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri takip edilmemekte ve sadece devam takip i\u015flemleri yap\u0131larak veliler \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 kurulup devams\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-K\u0131z \u00f6\u011frencilerin e\u011fitimine devam etmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmamakta, yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da vitrine d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7memektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Engelli \u00f6\u011frencilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn hala binlerce okulumuzda engelli tuvaletleri, engellilerin kantinlere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak d\u00fczenekler bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131f uygulamas\u0131 temel e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131 engellemektedir. Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131flara ilk atama olarak tecr\u00fcbesiz \u00f6\u011fretmenler g\u00f6nderilmekte, bu \u00f6\u011fretmenler tecr\u00fcbe kazanana kadar \u00e7ocuklar ilkokulu bitirmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-\u00d6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 ile resmi liseler aras\u0131nda e\u011fitimin niteli\u011fi, mek\u00e2nsal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, ders ara\u00e7 gereci ve sosyal etkinlikler konular\u0131nda farklar bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-\u00d6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00fcniversite s\u0131navlar\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131k nedeniyle tercih edilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-\u00d6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131, kamusal e\u011fitimin ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n bir ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B)Engelli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131;<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Engelli e\u011fitiminde \u00f6\u011fretmen, uzman, kurum ve alt yap\u0131 eksiklikleri ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Kayna\u015ft\u0131rma e\u011fitimi veren kurumlarda engelliler d\u0131\u015flanmakta, onlar\u0131 kapsay\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalar hayata ge\u00e7irilmemektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-\u00d6zel e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi dikkate al\u0131nmadan \u00f6\u011frencilerin s\u0131n\u0131flara yerle\u015ftirilmesi yap\u0131lmakta, rehberlik ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezleri yeterli d\u00fczeyde i\u015flev g\u00f6rmemektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Psikiyatrik engelli \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6zel e\u011fitim ald\u0131k\u00e7a istismardan korunmakta, devlet okullar\u0131nda bu \u00e7ocuklara yeterli \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmemektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131;<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 ihlal edilmekte, e\u011fitime eri\u015fimi engellenmekte, e\u011fitim hayatlar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrmekte ve sosyal becerileri yeterince geli\u015fmemekte,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Sokakta ya\u015fayan \/\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar, aile ekonomisine katk\u0131da bulunmak ve e\u011fitim giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 okula devam etmemekte, okuldan d\u0131\u015flanmakta ve bu nedenle okulu sevmemekte,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-E\u011fitimde olmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7ocuklar bir\u00e7ok yerde i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta, \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcmleri en \u00e7ok tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne en fazla ta\u015f\u0131t kazalar\u0131 sebep olmakta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D) Cezaevindeki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131;<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Anneleriyle cezaevinde kalan \u00e7ocuklar okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitime eri\u015fememektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Okul \u00f6ncesine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131lan kurumlar ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamamakta, bu konuda yeterli yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Cezaevindeki \u00e7ocuklar e\u011fitimlerine devam etmek istememekte, onlar\u0131n psikolojik sorunlar\u0131yla yeterince ilgilenilmemektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Aileler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimini desteklemekte yetersiz kalmakta, konu ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir sorun haline gelmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-A\u00e7\u0131lan kurslar talep olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kapanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E)M\u00fclteci \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131;<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 alg\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fundan bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk okula g\u00f6nderilmemekte veya okulu yar\u0131m b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Okula kay\u0131t s\u00fcrecinde b\u00fcrokratik sorunlar ya\u015fanmakta, bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretmen kendi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na istememektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Okullar\u0131n fiziki kapasitesi yetersiz olabilmekte, kalabal\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel olabilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Bu \u00e7ocuklar kendi akranlar\u0131yla e\u011fitim alamamakta, okulda ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kalabilmekte ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

F)Anadilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131;<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Baz\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar anadilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanamamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Devlet baz\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n anadilde e\u011fitim taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

G) \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131;<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Veliler \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011finde sorun ya\u015fanmakta, i\u00e7erikler kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan uzak haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-\u00c7ocuk haklar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin e\u011fitim hakk\u0131yla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmleri tam olarak uygulanmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-E\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131labilir?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n bu olumsuz boyutlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda politika yap\u0131c\u0131lara ve ailelere \u015fu \u00f6neriler yap\u0131labilir;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Sosyoekonomik d\u00fczeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ailelere yard\u0131m etme, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Okul devams\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve bu sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretme, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Okulda ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler alma, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Engelli bireylerin kurum ve \u00f6\u011fretmen ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alma ve veli, \u00f6\u011fretmen ve y\u00f6neticileri \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131yla ilgili bilgilendirme.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Temel e\u011fitimdeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rma, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-\u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini \u00f6nleme, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-M\u00fclteci \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim almalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Cezaevindeki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n anadilde e\u011fitim almalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama, <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-Ailelere y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 ve e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 konusunda bilin\u00e7lendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapma gibi politikalar hayata ge\u00e7irilebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi sadece Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilecek icraatlar de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fta sosyoekonomik d\u00fczeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ailelere yard\u0131m yapma ve temel e\u011fitimdeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rma gibi politikalar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi H\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fczeyinde ele al\u0131n\u0131p, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretilmesi gereken sorunlard\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quellen<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dcmit Binbir. Do\u00e7.Dr.G\u00f6khan Arastaman. E\u011fitim Hakk\u0131: Bir Sistematik Derleme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

-E\u011fitimin temel i\u015flevleri nelerdir? E\u011fitim, insano\u011flunun birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana devam eden bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6n\u00fcyle e\u011fitim, insanda de\u011fi\u015fim, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, geli\u015fim ve yenile\u015fme sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, geli\u015fme ve yenile\u015fmeyi toplumda da tetikler. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nedenlerle e\u011fitimin, hem bireysel, hem de toplumsal i\u015flevleri vard\u0131r. E\u011fitimin bireysel ve toplumsal i\u015flevleri, onun temel bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[286],"tags":[15,78,288],"class_list":["post-286742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-yazarlar","tag-chp","tag-kemal-kilicdaroglu","tag-ozgur-ozel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=286742"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":286744,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286742\/revisions\/286744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=286742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=286742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=286742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}