A\u00e7l\u0131k, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda art\u0131k bir insani trajedi de\u011fil; k\u00fcresel d\u00fczenin bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde \u00fcretti\u011fi, y\u00f6netti\u011fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal bir olgudur. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 kaderle, k\u00fclt\u00fcrle, inan\u00e7la ya da bireysel yetersizliklerle a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan her yakla\u015f\u0131m, ya cehaletin ya da iktidarla kurulan ideolojik ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bilimsel veriler, iktisat politikalar\u0131 ve tarihsel deneyim a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: A\u00e7l\u0131k ne do\u011fal ne ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r; a\u00e7l\u0131k, belirli bir ekonomik ve siyasal d\u00fczenin mant\u0131ksal sonucudur.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k sekiz milyard\u0131r. Bu n\u00fcfusun en az 800 milyonu kronik a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekmektedir; yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 milyar insan ise d\u00fczenli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131daya eri\u015fememektedir. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n neredeyse \u00fc\u00e7te biri, beslenme g\u00fcvencesinden yoksundur. Bu tabloyu kaynak yetersizli\u011fiyle a\u00e7\u0131klamak bilimsel bir yan\u0131lsamad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayn\u0131 d\u00fcnyada tarihte e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir servet ve gelir yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yarat\u0131lan toplam gelirin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60\u201365\u2019i, n\u00fcfusun en zengin y\u00fczde 10\u2019unun elinde toplanmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun en yoksul y\u00fczde 50\u2019si, toplam gelirin yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 8\u201310\u2019u ile ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019i, k\u00fcresel servetin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 45\u201350\u2019sini kontrol etmektedir. En zengin 10 ki\u015fi, gezegenin en yoksul 3,5 milyar insan\u0131n\u0131n toplam servetinden daha fazlas\u0131na sahiptir. Bu tablo, bireysel ba\u015far\u0131 ya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilecek bir durum de\u011fildir; servetin sistematik bi\u00e7imde yukar\u0131ya transfer edildi\u011fi bir d\u00fczenin matematiksel sonucudur. A\u00e7l\u0131k, yoksullar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fundan de\u011fil; paran\u0131n kimde topland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bilimsel veriler nettir: D\u00fcnya, mevcut tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim kapasitesiyle t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla doyurabilecek durumdad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,3 milyar ton g\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu miktar, d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm a\u00e7 insanlar\u0131 defalarca doyurmaya yetecek d\u00fczeydedir. Sorun \u00fcretimde de\u011fil; m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerinde, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m mekanizmalar\u0131nda ve k\u00e2r \u00f6ncelikli ekonomik d\u00fczendedir. G\u0131da, bir insan hakk\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p borsalarda i\u015flem g\u00f6ren bir meta h\u00e2line getirildi\u011fi anda, a\u00e7l\u0131k sistemin \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Gazze\u2019de ya\u015fanan a\u00e7l\u0131k, bu d\u00fczenin en \u00e7\u0131plak ve en sert \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Burada a\u00e7l\u0131k bir yan etki de\u011fil; do\u011frudan bir sava\u015f stratejisidir. G\u0131da, su ve elektrik askeri ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lmakta; a\u00e7 b\u0131rakma uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131k bir sava\u015f su\u00e7u olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler taraf\u0131ndan ya sessizlikle ya da fiili destekle me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler raporlar yay\u0131mlar, derin endi\u015felerini dile getirir ama yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc BM, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerin veto mekanizmas\u0131yla siyasal olarak fel\u00e7 edilmi\u015f, ahlaki de\u011fil jeopolitik bir kurum h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yemen\u2019de milyonlarca insan\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmesi bir \u201cinsani kriz\u201d de\u011fil; k\u00fcresel silah ticaretiyle beslenen sistematik bir y\u0131k\u0131md\u0131r. Yemen\u2019de a\u00e7 kalan \u00e7ocuklar, silah \u015firketlerinin bilan\u00e7osunda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezdir; ancak bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yoklu\u011fu, sistem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kabul edilebilir bir maliyet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u00e7l\u0131k burada da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmez; y\u00f6netilir, raporlan\u0131r ve normalize edilir.<\/p>\n
Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7o\u011fu zaman geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ya da iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Oysa ger\u00e7ek \u015fudur: Afrika\u2019n\u0131n yeralt\u0131 ve tar\u0131m kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmekte; \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler i\u00e7in tek \u00fcr\u00fcne mahk\u00fbm edilen ekonomiler, halk\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 17\u2019sini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Afrika, k\u00fcresel a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 25\u2019inden fazlas\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu tablo bir do\u011fa sorunu de\u011fil; emperyalist ekonomi politi\u011fin do\u011frudan sonucudur.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da yoksulluk; askeri darbeler, IMF programlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131yla derinle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. IMF\u2019nin \u201cyap\u0131sal uyum\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalar; kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131lmas\u0131, tar\u0131m desteklerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sosyal devletin tasfiyesi ve eme\u011fin g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftirilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: IMF programlar\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi artm\u0131\u015f, g\u0131da g\u00fcvencesi zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, yoksulluk kal\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen IMF h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201cistikrar\u201d s\u00f6ylemini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Sa\u011flanan tek istikrar, sermayenin istikrar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UNICEF gibi kurumlar a\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk foto\u011fraflar\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplar; ancak a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcreten k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeni sorgulamaz. \u00c7ocuk yoksullu\u011fu bir hak ihlali olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p duygusal kampanyalar\u0131n nesnesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk, bir yurtta\u015f de\u011fil; bir afi\u015ftir. Bu insani de\u011fil, ideolojik bir pratiktir ve sistemi aklayan bir i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde, yani kapitalizmin merkezinde, milyonlarca insan evsizdir; g\u0131da bankalar\u0131 ve yard\u0131m kuyruklar\u0131 ola\u011fanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin \u00fclkesinde a\u00e7l\u0131k ve bar\u0131nma krizi ya\u015fan\u0131yorsa, neoliberal d\u00fczenin iflas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, yoksullu\u011fu h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201cy\u00f6netilebilir\u201d bir sorun olarak ele al\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mesele a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitirmek de\u011fil; d\u00fczeni sorgulamadan s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye de bu k\u00fcresel tablonun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fildir. IMF\u2019siz IMF politikalar\u0131 uygulanmakta, emek bast\u0131r\u0131lmakta, yoksulluk sadaka rejimiyle y\u00f6netilmektedir. Sosyal haklar tasfiye edilirken, yoksulluk dini ve milli s\u00f6ylemlerle me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta; a\u00e7l\u0131k bireysel kader gibi sunulmaktad\u0131r. Oysa bilimsel ger\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: Yoksulluk bireysel de\u011fil yap\u0131sald\u0131r; a\u00e7l\u0131k ahlaki de\u011fil politiktir.<\/p>\n
Burada susmak, bu d\u00fczeni onaylamakt\u0131r. A\u00e7l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele yard\u0131m kampanyalar\u0131yla de\u011fil; iktidar ili\u015fkileriyle hesapla\u015farak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, insani yard\u0131m paketlerinde de\u011fil; kamucu, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ve hak temelli bir ekonomik d\u00fczendedir. G\u0131da ve bar\u0131nma piyasan\u0131n insaf\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lamayacak temel insan haklar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da \u00fcretimi kamusal planlama kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretici korunmal\u0131, \u00e7okuluslu tar\u0131m tekellerinin h\u00e2kimiyeti k\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Servet vergisi ve artan oranl\u0131 gelir vergisiyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zenginlik denetlenmeli; kamu kaynaklar\u0131 sermayeye de\u011fil topluma aktar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. IMF ve benzeri kurumlar\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131 reddedilmeli; sosyal devlet yeniden in\u015fa edilmelidir. Asgari \u00fccret ya\u015fam \u00fccreti d\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131; emek g\u00fcvencesi evrensel bir hak h\u00e2line getirilmelidir. Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f arac\u0131 olarak kullananlara kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131m mekanizmalar\u0131 i\u015fletilmeli; Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler veto sistemi demokratikle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 soyut ahlak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p somut rakamlarla konu\u015fmak gerekir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile D\u00fcnya G\u0131da Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hesaplamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyadaki kronik a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 40\u201350 milyar dolar ek kayna\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 anda k\u00fcresel toplam servet yakla\u015f\u0131k 450 trilyon dolar d\u00fczeyindedir ve bunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 45\u201350\u2019si, yani 200\u2013225 trilyon dolar\u0131, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yaln\u0131zca en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019inin elinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kesimin servetinin yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 1\u2019ine denk gelen yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 trilyon dolar, bug\u00fcn bilinen hesaplamalarla d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm kronik a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlarca y\u0131l boyunca ortadan kald\u0131rabilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir. Hatta en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019e uygulanacak y\u00fczde 0,25\u2019lik bir servet vergisi dahi yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 milyar dolar kaynak yaratmakta; bu miktar, k\u00fcresel a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 en az on y\u0131l boyunca tamamen bitirmeye yetmektedir. K\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte kal\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u00fczde 2\u20133\u2019l\u00fck s\u00fcper zengin servet vergisi ise her y\u0131l 4\u20136 trilyon dolar kamu kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretir ki bu rakam, yaln\u0131zca a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yoksullu\u011fu ve temel beslenme g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fini de tarihsel olarak sona erdirebilecek d\u00fczeydedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7l\u0131k, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz bir insanl\u0131k sorunu de\u011fil; zenginli\u011fe dokunmama konusunda g\u00f6sterilen siyasal tercihin do\u011frudan sonucudur.<\/p>\n
Ancak k\u00fcresel sistemin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc burada bitmez. Ayn\u0131 anda, bir yanda insanlar a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcrken, di\u011fer yanda \u201cobezite ve zay\u0131flama end\u00fcstrisi\u201d tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir pazar h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya genelinde diyet \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, zay\u0131flama ila\u00e7lar\u0131, estetik operasyonlar, fitness end\u00fcstrisi ve \u201csa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u201d pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanan y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam b\u00fct\u00e7e yakla\u015f\u0131k 400\u2013500 milyar dolar d\u00fczeyindedir. Yaln\u0131zca zay\u0131flama ila\u00e7lar\u0131 ve takviyeleri pazar\u0131n\u0131n hacmi 150 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bu rakam, d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm kronik a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona erdirmek i\u00e7in gereken y\u0131ll\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131n neredeyse on kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir yanda insanlar fazla kalori ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in milyarlar harcayarak kilo vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, di\u011fer yanda milyonlarca insan tek bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn yeme\u011fe eri\u015femedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6lmektedir. Bu, bir \u201c\u00e7eli\u015fki\u201d de\u011fil; kapitalizmin bilin\u00e7li organizasyonudur. Ayn\u0131 sistem hem obeziteyi hem a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mesele sa\u011fl\u0131k de\u011fil, k\u00e2r; mesele ya\u015fam de\u011fil, piyasa de\u011feridir. G\u0131da, ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 t\u00fcketildi\u011finde yeni bir sekt\u00f6r yarat\u0131r; yoksullar i\u00e7in eri\u015filmez k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise sessizlik \u00fcretir.
\nKapitalizm, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6len bedeni g\u00f6rmez; ama fazla kilolu bedeni \u201cpazar\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. A\u00e7l\u0131k utan\u00e7t\u0131r, gizlenir; obezite metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, pazarlan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece sistem, hem yoksullu\u011fu hem a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketimi ayn\u0131 anda y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ve tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n dini yoktur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u00e7l\u0131k teolojiyle de\u011fil, ekonomiyle ilgilidir. Yoksullu\u011fun vatan\u0131 yoktur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sermaye ulus tan\u0131maz, s\u0131n\u0131r bilmez. Bu d\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fmeden a\u00e7l\u0131k bitmez. Ve bu d\u00fczen, ancak \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc, bilin\u00e7li ve politik bir m\u00fccadeleyle de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u00e7l\u0131k beklemez.
\n\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yoksulluk sab\u0131rla de\u011fil, siyasetle yenilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A\u00e7l\u0131k kader de\u011fil, tercihtir. Ve bu tercih, k\u00fcresel iktidarlar\u0131n tercihidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[286],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-280709","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-yazarlar"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=280709"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280711,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280709\/revisions\/280711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=280709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halkweb.com.tr\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=280709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}